Strategic Impact

In the international environment there are used many definitions of crisis, but there is no single one generally accepted because of its complexity. There were taken important decisions at the Prague Summit (2002) on ensuring a high reaction capacity in order to face the crisis management issues. Romanian commitments, as a NATO member, and the fact that the Alliance is fully involved into its transformation process and adapting to the new global threats, represent the important elements for the legal framework and national capabilities analysis, which highlights the necessity to reorganize and harmonize the domestic legal framework as well as the mechanisms for issuing and implementing the political and political-military decisions, at the national level in order to make the package of crisis response measures adaptable and compatible with NATO requirements, procedures and structures - NATO Crisis Response System (NCRS).

Present determinations of the regional security - Mircea MUREŞAN, PhD

The security environment from Central and South-Eastern Europe is, nowadays, characterized by the existence of some conflicts, menaces, threats, risks and challenges that affect the regional stability, the way to democracy and the prosperity of the states. In the Western Balkans, nationalists outbursts, and religious disputes, corruption and organized crime give birth and feed violence and extremism, terrorist acts on the peace and safety of the states from this region. In the Nistru zone, the actions of the separatists from Transnistria, of the trafficants and of the organized crime groups, but also the presence of foreign troops maintain a reign of terror and incertitude. The existence of the Republic of Moldavia as a state is at stake and it is a source of permanent instability close to NATO and EU vicinity. The responsible way in which the regional initiatives and the security organisms deal with the latent conflicts from Kosovo and Transnistria, through cooperation, leave room for hope for a peaceful solution in order to consolidate the stability in the region. Thus, this part of Europe will be integrated in the new architecture of European and global security. Romania, as a member state will play an active role.

The military intervention role in conflict management - Teodor FRUNZETI, PhD

This is the way military intervention can be the most efficient action in conflict management, taking in consideration the link between military and diplomatic instrument. After the difference between conflicts types – between states and inside the states – the interventions option can be synthesise starting from minimum effort of implication to the sending of the Rapid Reaction Force. The intervention option and ways of action are considered for the conflict manageement purpose. After the Cold War, the potential actors that can interfere in conflicts were considerably extending. One of the lessons learned consists in the great benefit of the preventive engagement for the way of negotiations to stop repressions and violence extension. It is important to take into consideration the conflict management process, the facts from which the conflicts are passing from politic to military sphere. Like an overview of these aspects, some requests which can ensure success in intervention for the conflict management are presented, reminding that military and diplomatic way must be used into a complementary process and an unsure intervention can generate new motivations for a new conflict.

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Globalisation and the civil society - Viorel BUŢA, PhD

Globalization has a very strong impact in civil society. The stronger becomes the process of globalization, the more radical becomes the activity of the civil society against it. The civil society tends to build its own regional and global structures.

La sécurité nationale et le rapport entre la réforme de l’armée - la transformation de l’institution militaire - Petre DUŢU, PhD

La sécurité nationale, comme ensemble des conditions favorables pour la vie et l’activité humaines, est garantie et assurée par accomplissement de l’armée de son rôle social. En ce sens, une grande condition le réprésente le deroulement de la réforme dans l’armée. A son tour, celui-la peut être accomplir par les transformations succesives dans tous les domaines d’activité dans le sein de l’institution militaire. Donc peut être affirmer qu’il existe un lien étroit entre la sécurité nationale et le rapport entre la réforme et les transformations volontaire de l’institution militaire.

The United Nations in the 21st century: a catalyst for change - Mădălina-Virginia ANTONESCU

Although conceived as a historical form creating a new political international context after the Second World War, UN possesses the objectives and the finalities with international dimension necessary so it can reveal itself as the guardant of the international law, irrespective to the changes that might happen in the international political environment. As a framework of multilateral cooperation, UN has stayed as the very base of the present conception on international order; precisely, the states, basing on their legitimate sovereignty, have decided to end a historical period of international relations characterized by the preeminence of force on the law, by war as usual way of settling the disputes between them, and to begin a new era of peace, of international cooperation, based on the principles of law. It cannot be omitted - by those who wish to connsider this organization as a passive form of cooperation, inefficient, even obsolete, in comparison with the revolutionary forms of regional integration, its contribution to the materiaaliizaation and to the consolidation of legal international order into a legal and universal accepted form. UN Charter can be considered as a synthesized expression of international contemporary law and UN, as a condensate expression of state multilateralism founded on the respect of sovereignty. UN can be seen as a necessary transformation of a classical international organization with universal vocation, in order to deal with complex global realities, to function into a new political environment; its universal state initial vocation becomes a heterogeneous vocation, to associate global various actors as transnational companies or NGOs to its works and programs, in order to prove its efficient and flexible character in the age of globalization.

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The Charter of the United Nations and the international peace and security management - Alin BODESCU

WE THE PEOPLES OF THE UNITED NATIONS DETERMINED to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind, and to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small… United Nations Charter, Preamble, 26 th of June 194 5

The globalisation and the effects of projecting it into the regional security field - Eduart VITALIS

Globalisation is a term more and more used by persons with different backgrounds. As a matter of fact, it incites by the complexity of processes and phenomena that induce.
The regional and global security environment are touched by the globalisation effects, as the state-nation, as a sovereign and independent entity, is almost to loose itself in this huge conglomerate of political, financial, economical interests.

The near expectations of the Romania’s relations with the European Union - Iulian POPA, PhD

The main priority of the Romanian foreign policy in 2005 and 2006 is the integration into the European Union. Even if all the political parties support the efforts in that way, it is not so easy to achieve that desideratum, because both internal and external impediments appear, which require ability and consistency in order to transcend these difficulties. The article presents briefly the increased efforts of Romania in order to pass the international isolation in which our country was in 19 89 . After that, there are presented the unexpected problems that have appeared between the Romanian’s relations with France and Germany in 2005, just with the countries considered like “the engine of the European Union”. The internal problems could be added to the external difficulties, because of the balanced political configuration between the two main political blocks of the Romanian internal political scene.

The reform of the Romanian military system and the European integration perspective - Constantin IORDACHE, PhD

Romania reached its objective of joining NATO’s structures. It will offer Romania a new and improved status in the perspective of future international relations. Achieving the statehood, the protection of the air space, making secure the means of transport and communications represent priorities for the EU’s integration. The reform process of the national military system cannot be complete without severe transformations in all its components, including in the acquisition domain, in the technological and in the logistics ones. The modernization of the defence acquisition management, in order to harmonize the methods and practices with the ones already applied in the EU and NATO member states assumed the implementation of a package of normative documents in order to assure a coherent administration. For a future safe Europe, it is imperative to have a good collaboration between the EU and NATO, as well as the elimination of all dissensions between the USA and some of the European states.

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Wider Europe, European Neighbouring Policy and the common space of the external security - Paul DUŢĂ, PhD

The study is focused on the issues of the concepts of Wider Europe, European Neighbouring Policy and the Common Space of External Security. It is analysed of the ENP implications for neighbouring countries of UE. After a short presentation of European standards, it is identified the influences of ENP on legal instruments and on the EU institutions, after that is presented the purpose of ENP. It is analysed the impact of ENP for the main groups of neighbouring countries and what they must do it. The new reality after enlargement asks to do one short comparison between integration process of Central and Eastern European countries and ENP. There are few questions linked by ENP but without offering the answers because it was not in the intention of the author to do that. But, the answer of these questions will decide the further success of ENP. The study includes the few considerations regarding the absence of membership EU perspective for neighbouring countries. The last part of the study is a synthetic analyse of the Common Space of External Security.

The European Constitution ratification impact over the Romanian integration in the EU structures - Mirela ATANASIU

In order to become a member state of the European Union, Romania must fulfil the Copenhagen accession criteria and align itself with the EU legislation and policies the so-called “Community acquis”. The accession negotiations established the conditions under which the Community acquis is applied in Romania, before and after accession (along the transition periods agreed during negotiations – that is temporary exceptions from the application of a specific requirement of European legislation) and the way in which Romania will participate in the institutions and the budget of the Union. The tendencies came after the France and Netherlands referendums finalized with their negative vote regarding the Constitution ratifying rised the number of doubts of the EU member states about the Constitution’s prescriptions. The citiizens of the wealthier countries begin to contradict their state policies which promoted till now the new European Constitution.

The asymmetric warfare: old method, new concern - Vladi SOFRONIEV

The Cold War was distinguished by a clear dividing line between East and West. The Soviet threat and the American response to it created a bipolar world: two superpowers locked in a head-on confrontation, with many of the other countries joining the coalitions created by the two superpowers. Today things have changed. The new millennium that started under the sign of globalization changed the world radically and made the environment we are living in totally different, new and unpredictable. With the fall of the Berlin wall, the scenario of easily defining the enemy collapsed. The globalizing world, free movement of people, goods and capitals, the values of liberal democracy result in new challenges. The threats to this new international system are no longer clear and one-dimensional, but multipolar and diffuse. They are expressed at different levels and display different degrees of intensity. There are now multiple, low-intensity threats and the consensus for dealing with them is much more difficult to achieve amongst the Western allies (respectively the new democracies in Eastern Europe). September 11, 2001, train bombings in Madrid, Istannbul, Moscow theatre and the two plain crashes in Russia demonstrated the international terrorism is more and more spreading to all geographic regions and becomes a major threat. This paper tries to analyze different opinions about this major contemporary threat and tries to list the preliminary measures and activities that should be taken in advance.

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Une nouvelle vision de la sécurité européene, euro-atlantique et mondiale - Constantin-Gheorghe BALABAN, PhD

Les événements passés dans l’espace euro-atlantique pendant la dernière décade du XXème siècle et le début du XXIème siècle ont eu pour effet la suppression du système de sécurité et la reconstruction d’un nouveau système de sécurité. Dans le cadre de cette nouvelle structure de sécurité, le danger d’un conflit militaire généralisé est disparu, mais d’autres risques et menaces à l’adresse de la sécurité sont apparus. Aux défis provoqués par le processus de la globalisation et par les tendances vers la régionalisation et la fragmentation – qui engendrent un large spectre de tensions et menaces – on doit riposter par de nouvelles formes de solidarité, qui préviennent et résolvent les crises sociales d’identité, l’instabilité politique de certaines zones, le trafic des drogues, des armes, des matériaux radioactifs et des êtres humains. En outre, sur le plan international, le monde traverse une situation sans précédent, étant profondément marqué des actions irrationnelles de certaines forces qui promouvaient le terrorisme comme moyen de division de la communauté internationale et d’affaiblissement de la stabilité mondiale, en général. Ces phénomènes et processus mènent à l’augmentation de la complexité de la relation entre les processus internes et externes de la sécurité nationale, ce qui complique davantage la voie vers l’identification des causes des évolutions négatives de la sécurité et des modalités de “traiter ” celles-ci.

The technology of the military action - Eugen SITEANU, PhD, Sorin TOPOR, PhD

The complexity of contemporary technical means leads us to the basic characteristic resulted from the implementation of the majority of tehnical achievements from theoretical and applied sciences. The technological knowledge, analyzed from these two perspectives, as science and as activity, represents the knowledge necessary to produce goods and services. Training the military personnel is a very important aspect for developing performance in the military field. The results of the nowadays military confrontations depended on the commandaments’ performances, and not on the commanders’. That is why it is highly recommended to have specialised personnel.

Stratégie nationale et stratégie d’aliance. Repères conceptuels - Gheorghe VĂDUVA, PhD

En général, les concepts qui s’utilisent en stratégie – en sa calité de modalité de mettre en oeuvre une décision politique – n’ont pas changé. Certainement, leur contenu est plus riche et deviendra toujours riche, mais non en dehors du système qui les produit. Dans un pays démocratique, les structures de puissance se séparent et devient très dépendante l’une de l’autre. En ce qui concerne la sécurité nationale , il y a une vision unitaire, de synthèse. On peut la nommer grand stratégie, c’est-à-dire une manière d’accomplir un tache ou une décision politique, mais aussi on peut la considérer comme stratégie nationale, stratégie du gouvernement ou stratégie de sécurité. Entre ces concepts il y a des différences, mais, pour le moment, ça n’a pas d’importance. Donc, en cette vision, la grande stratégie tient de conduite politique, c’est une stratégie politique générale sur laquelle on construit, dynamiquement, les stratégies économiques, culturelles et militaires. Dans le même cadre aussi, on situe les stratégies politiques, diplomatiques, les stratégies de développement et les stratégies éducationnelles etc.

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National Defence University’s e-Learning Pilot Center - Ion ROCEANU, PhD

The Romanian National Defence University started an ambitious project, called “e-Learning Pilot Centre”. The core of this project is the e-Learning Laboratory. This lab will help us to accomplish at least three major purposes:
1. How LMS can improve the distribution of knowledge in order to fulfill the education objectives;
2. What the teachers are to do for a proper conversion from classical to digital content? Could we generate a best practice guide for this opeeraation?
3 . Which are the student’s reactions and how this new model of learning influences level of knowwledge?

The Pan-Arab versus the Islamic perspective on security in the Middle East - Ionuţ APAHIDEANU

In the broader context of more or less scientific discussions regarding a global “Islamic threat” and of the mainstream interpretation of the Middle East as a region to which the classic realist theory of International Relations fits par excellence, various actors made numerous attempts to solve the regional security problems. From the variety of such security perspectives, tributary to different perceptions rooted in different philosophical and strategic backgrounds, the present article discusses comparatively the “pan-Arab” and “Islamic” perspectives as the only endogenous, bottom-up, constructed approaches to regional security. Not necessarily accepting, but only understanding them, may offer precious insights, further useful in meeting the external, top-down approaches “half way” in order to provide viable alternative solutions for regional security in the Middle East. Methodologically, the comparison is underpinned by the “Copenhagen school” triadic analytical framework of referent security subject, object and threat, applied at different levels of analysis to different dimensions of security – military, political, economic, societal and environmental.

“România Militară“ - principale tribune de la doctrine et de l’art militaire entre les deux guerres - Hervé COUTAU-BÉGARIE

Militară“, après la Grande Guerre, apparaît l’article 1916-1920, une analyse de la participation roumaine à la conflagration. «L’histoire» consacrera un chapitre spécial pour montrer comment notre pays (la Roumanie n.n.) au lieu d’être aidé par le plus proche allié (la Russie), a été trahi.

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Perenity or concourse of events on the extended region of the Black Sea area security issues? - Grigore ALEXANDRESCU, PhD

The security issues regarding Black Sea adjacent area accumulated many known insecurity sources in the last years. This situation affects directly not only the states in the region, but even the global security environment. This study wants to emphasize if the actual situation is singular both in history and the future of the area also.

Fight against terrorism from the EU perspective - Piotr GAWLICZEK, PhD

The terrorist challenge has changed considerably over the past decade and likely will continue to evolve. Modern technology has enabled terrorists to plan and operate worldwide as never before. Terrorists work together in funding, sharing intelligence, training, logistics, planning, and executing attacks. Terrorist groups with objectives in one country or region can draw support from groups in other countries or regions. The terrorist threat of today consists of flexible, trans-national network structures, characterised by loose interconnectivity both within and between groups.

The terrorism and the dictatorship of the moment - Sorin OLTEANU

“The progress of civilization brings about a terrifying and abject…” These words are used by Brigadier-General (retired) Gheorghe Văduva, PhD, in one of his studies on the terrorist phenomenon. He asserts that, nowadays, terrorism spreads rapidly. Undoubtedly, the development of the potential of defence and counteracting this disease of the XXIst century only has as a result the evolution of the insanity of violent terrorist actions. The modern and elevated solutions designed to protect the society from terrorist threats make terrorist actions more diversified, and, with the help of the latest technological discoveries of humankind, terrorists create chaos through feelings of panic and incertitude at a planetary level.

The bioterrorism - another kind of war - Cornel CUCU

After September, 11, 2001, the threat related to terrorist attacks against the humanity doesn’t seem any more just a scenario beyond imagination. The nuclear, chemical or biological terrorism doesn’t belong to science-fiction.
According to some experts, the risk of using such weapons is getting bigger and bigger, taking into consideration the increase of inter ethnic and religious violence and the break of human rights. The international treaties that concern such kind of weapons don’t offer enough control measures. That is why is necessary for both states and NGOs to involve. With all the US mobilization against the countries considered terrorist, the threat of bioterrorism seems to be a restless one for the future.

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